Adaptation Actions Table

Managed Retreat at Surfer's Point, California: This project focused on implementing a managed retreat strategy in the City of Ventury, California, which included relocation of a bike path and parking lot, beach renourishment, habitat restoration, and riprap removal in order to allow eroding shorelines to migrate inland. (H, I) (IP)

Coastal Ecosystem Restoration in Forillon National Park, Quebec: This project was intended to accomodate an increasingly dynamic shoreline due to SLR and decreasing sea ice by moving infrastructure (e.g., roads, snack bar, monument) away from the edge of the water, removing rip rap, and restoring native beach grasses. (H, I) (IP)

Conserving California's Coastal Habitats: The Nature Conservancy in California and the California State Coastal Conservancy (SCC) collaborated to produce the first statewide, comprehensive assessment of vulnerability in California's coastal habitats, which included identification of beaches and dunes that have a greater ability to migrate inland based on topography and surrounding land use. (H) (AS)

Humboldt Bay Dune Restoration: This project in Humboldt and Del Norte Counties in California focused on restoring sand transport in coastal dune systems through large-scale eradication of overstabilizing exotic grasses and other invasive plants, increasing the ability of dunes to migrate inland in response to sea level rise and storm surge. (H) (IP)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)

Managed Retreat Toolkit: This toolkit, provided by the Georgetown Climate Center, provides information on legal and policy tools, best and emerging practices, and case studies to support learning and decision-making around managed retreat of people and ecosystems. (H, I)
 

Restoring Natural Dunes to Enhance Coastal Protection: Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012, neighborhoods that were inland of intact dune systems sustained less damage than those that abutted developed beaches, highlighting the value of natural dune restoration as a cost-effective way to increase the resilience of both the ecosystem and adjacent coastal communities. (H, I) (SH)

Increasing Ecosystem Services of Coastal Beaches and Dunes in the Pacific Northwest through Adaptation Planning: This project, led by the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, is using long-term monitoring data to evaluate the impact of climate change on Oregon and Washington beaches and dunes, with an emphasis on the ecosystem services they provide such as flood protection. (H)
 

Mapping Ocean Wealth: Website that includes resources such as the Atlas of Ocean Wealth, a collection of information about the economic, social, and cultural value of marine and coastal habitats across the globe; site also includes examples and tools specific to topics such as coastal flood protection, blue carbon, fisheries, recreation/tourism, and restoration prioritization. (H, I)
 

Conserving California's Coastal Habitats: The Nature Conservancy in California and the California State Coastal Conservancy (SCC) collaborated to produce the first statewide, comprehensive assessment of vulnerability in California's coastal habitats, identifying beaches and dunes that are less exposed to sea level rise and/or those that will likely be able to migrate inland (H) (AS)
 

Kailua Beach and Dune Management Plan: The University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program collaborated with state agencies to develop a comprehensive beach and dune management and land use development plan for Kailua Beach (on the eastern/windward side of Oahu, Hawaii), which incorporates SLR and coastal erosion projections into recommendations for managing coastal development, natural resources, and cultural resources under changing climate conditions. (H, I) (PL)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adapation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Malibu Land Use and Local Implementation Plans: Malibu, California has incorporated climate change impacts (e.g., sea level rise, coastal storms) into development and land-use planning ordinances, including development setbacks, rules for shoreline armoring/hardening, and applications for new development. (I) (IP)

An Integrated Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Mexico to Support Coastal Zone Management Legislation: An analysis of climate-related impacts on coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and recommendations to build support for a regional coastal zone program and legislation. (H, I) (AW, AS)
 

Coastal and Waterfront SmartGrowth: Sustainable coastal development information, tools, and case studies for planners, local government officials, developers, residents, and other stakeholders. (H, I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Waihe'e Refuge Restoration in Coastal Hawaii: Maui Coastal Land Trust (now the Hawaiian Islands Land Trust) acquired a 277-acre parcel of wetlands and shorelines, which included the largest intact sand dune system in Hawaii and a historically significant site in Hawaiian culture. Managers are working with volunteers to remove invasive plants and replant the area with native plants, and they are introduced to the impacts that climate change will have on this site of cultural and natural significance. (H, C) (IP)

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved extensive outreach and education surrounding dune restoration efforts, and the dunes were used as a "living classroom" where hundreds of students participated in restoration plantings. (H) (IP)
 

Gulf of Mexico Regional Sediment Management Master Plan: The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (a partnership between Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) developed this plan to organize and facilitate sediment management policies, with the goal of restoring regional sedimentary processes. (H) (PL)

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved the use of fencing and revegetation on 20 acres of priority dune habitat to promote dune stabilization, growth, and resilience to future storm events. (H) (IP)
 

Sonoma-Marin Coastal Regional Sediment Management Report, California: Identifies sediment management opportunities, will inform statewide planning. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adapation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Marine Turtles and Communities Adaptation to Climate Change in Junquillal: The Conservación – Baulas del Pacífico program in Costa Rica has used public outreach and training to successfully reduce sea turtle nest poaching and promote active conservation of marine turtles. (S) (IP)

Waihe'e Refuge Restoration in Coastal Hawaii: Volunteers are working with land managers from the Maui Coastal Land Trust (now the Hawaiian Islands Land Trust) to remove invasive plants and replant the area with native species in order to increase the resilience of intact sand dune system to climate change. (H, C) (IP)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Oyster Reef Breakwater Restoration Project on Alabama’s Gulf Coast: This project focused on restoring oyster reef habitat in Mobile County, Alabama, with the goal of stabilizing eroding shorelines while also creating jobs and enhancing nursery habitat for oysters and fish (H, S) (IP)

Valuing coral reefs as shoreline storm protection in Quintana Roo: The Nature Conservancy is pioneering investment in reef conservation for shoreline protection. (H) (PL) Tropical Biogeomorphic Seagrass Landscapes for Coastal Protection

Case Studies of Natural Shoreline Infrastructure in Coastal California: Reviews natural infrastructure approaches to adapt to SLR in California using a series of case studies. (H, I)

Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure - A Database of Case Studies: Includes 15 in-depth case studies from around the world demonstrating the use of green and blue infrastructure for climate change adaptation. The database also includes 18 brief case studies (Appendix 1) and additional sources of case studies (Appendix 2). (H, I)
 

Greening Shorelines to Enhance Resilience Adapting to Sea Level Rise, British Columbia: Advancing coastal protection policies and practices. Evaluates the performance and cost-effectiveness of soft shore armoring measures. (H, I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adapation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Malibu Land Use and Local Implementation Plans: Malibu, California has incorporated climate change impacts (e.g., sea level rise, coastal storms) into development and land-use planning ordinances, including development setbacks, rules for shoreline armoring/hardening, and applications for new development. (I) (IP)

An Integrated Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Mexico to Support Coastal Zone Management Legislation: An analysis of climate-related impacts on coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and recommendations to build support for a regional coastal zone program and legislation. (H, I) (AW, AS)
 

Coastal and Waterfront SmartGrowth: Sustainable coastal development information, tools, and case studies for planners, local government officials, developers, residents, and other stakeholders. (H, I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Investigating Ocean Acidification in the Rocky Intertidal: Cabrillo National Monument and Channel Islands National Park are instituting a new ocean acidification monitoring program that allows continuous measurement of pH within the intertidal zone, allowing researchers to evaluate trends in organism abundance, diversity, and community composition with respect to ocean acidification dynamics. (H) (IP)
 

Santa Monica Bay Restoration Plan Update provides progress on a number of strategies to reduce local stressors to the bay, including rocky intertidal, such as reducing visitation and runoff. (H):
 

Coastal cliff stabilization techniques in the UK: Case study information for 14 sites across the U.K. that have applied varying cliff stabilization techniques. (H)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0 Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry: Synthesizes available biogeochemical and ecological information on coastal acidification, reviews actions managers have undertaken thus far, and describes opportunities for decision makers to mitigate and/or adapt to ocean acidification at the spatial scales relevant to their authority. (H, S)

Ocean Acidification Hotspots Map: Online interactive map that shows where the ocean chemistry is changing most rapidly, where vulnerable species are located, and where people who most depend on these species reside. (H, S)

OA Action Plan Toolkit: Published by the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, this toolkit was created to support the development of action plans that support increased ability to understand and respond to the threat of ocean acidification. (H, S)

Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure - A Database of Case Studies: Includes 15 in-depth case studies from around the world demonstrating the use of green and blue infrastructure for climate change adaptation. The database also includes 18 brief case studies (Appendix 1) and additional sources of case studies (Appendix 2). (H, I)
 

Greening Shorelines to Enhance Resilience Adapting to Sea Level Rise, British Columbia: Advancing coastal protection policies and practices. Evaluates the performance and cost-effectiveness of soft shore armoring measures. (H, I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Mapping Ocean Wealth: Website that includes resources such as the Atlas of Ocean Wealth, a collection of information about the economic, social, and cultural value of marine and coastal habitats across the globe; site also includes examples and tools specific to topics such as coastal flood protection, blue carbon, fisheries, recreation/tourism, and restoration prioritization. (H, I)
 

Increasing Coral Resistance to Bleaching Through Microbiome Manipulation: A controlled aquarium experiment in Pocillopora damicornis corals from the Indo-Pacific Ocean found that inoculation with native beneficial microorganisms significantly reduced the impacts of bleaching, resulting in greater resistance to stress from pathogens and high temperatures. (H, S) (AS)
 

Increasing Coral Resistance to Bleaching Through Microbiome Manipulation (Rosado et al. 2019): This study documents successful use of beneficial microorganisms to lessen the impact of bleaching on corals, suggesting that this could be a promising approach to minimize future mortality. (H, S)
 

Promoting Resilience in the Mesoamerican Reef: Used monitoring and assessment to systematically identify the most resilience reefs, which may act as climate refugia and will be prioritized for protection. (H) (AS) Recognizing Coral Adaptations to Environmental Stressors, National Park of American Samoa

Florida Reef Resilience Program: This program is focused on studying the health of the Florida Reef tract, including what makes some corals more resistant than others to climate change impacts, what factors contribute to areas of high or low resistance, and why certain areas are more resilient than others; ultimately, increased understanding of these factors will guide management actions designed to increase climate change resilience of this reef. (H) (AS)
 

Fostering Fisheries Management Efficiency Through Collaboration Networks: The Kanan Kay Alliance in the Mexican Caribbean is a voluntary, multi-stakeholder collaborative network that established a work plan focused on the establishment of fish refuges (no-take zones), enhancing a shared vision and communication around the efficient use of limited resources. (S) (AW, PL)
 

Listing of Coral Reef Species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: The National Marine Fisheries Service successfully petitioned for the listing of 22 coral species as threatened and 3 species as endangered, based on climate change vulnerability as well as factors such as life history and species abundance. Designation will provide additional attention, research, and resources directed towards protecting coral reef species, and recovery plans include several adaptation strategies designed to reduce the impacts of bleaching and other climate stressors. (H, S) (AS, PL)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0: Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry
 

Improving Water Quality on the Great Barrier Reef: Greening Australia is working with landowners, communities, and indigenous groups to rebuild eroding gullies and restore coastal wetlands, which together can prevent 400,000 tons of sediment from entering the reef each year; these efforts can be replicated in other systems. (H) (IP)
 

Reducing Fertilizer Runoff, Great Barrier Reef Australia: Collaboration between government and farmers to reduce fertilizer runoff adversely affecting the Great Barrier Reef. (H) (IP)
 

Reef protection regulations and best management practices for cane farmers and graziers: Help shift farming practices towards compliance with government directives to reduce runoff impacts to the reef. (H)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0 Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry: Synthesizes available biogeochemical and ecological information on coastal acidification, reviews actions managers have undertaken thus far, and describes opportunities for decision makers to mitigate and/or adapt to ocean acidification at the spatial scales relevant to their authority. (H, S)

Ocean Acidification Hotspots Map: Online interactive map that shows where the ocean chemistry is changing most rapidly, where vulnerable species are located, and where people who most depend on these species reside. (H, S)

OA Action Plan Toolkit: Published by the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, this toolkit was created to support the development of action plans that support increased ability to understand and respond to the threat of ocean acidification. (H, S)

Incorporating Climate Change in Marine Use Plans for British Columbia’s First Nations: A partnership between the government of British Columbia and First Nations to integrate climate change into marine use plans for the North Pacific Coast. (H, C) (AW, PL)
 

Options for Managing Impacts of Climate Change on a Deep-Sea Community: Discusses adaptation options for a deep-sea Australian coral community developed and evaluated at a workshop (supplementary tables list adaptation options). (H)
 

Options for Managing Impacts of Climate Change on a Deep-Sea Community: Discusses adaptation options for a deep-sea Australian coral community developed and evaluated at a workshop (supplementary tables list adaptation options). (H)
 

Ecological Role of Submarine Canyons and Need for Canyon Conservation: Identifies the ecological status of canyons, current/future issues for canyon conservation, highlights the need for a better understanding of anthropogenic impacts, and proposes research to inform management measures. The publication also discusses potential for climate change to modify the intensity of currents, impacting the structure and functioning of canyon communities and nutrient supply to deep-ocean ecosystems. (H)

OA Action Plan Toolkit: Published by the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, this toolkit was created to support the development of action plans that support increased ability to understand and respond to the threat of ocean acidification. (H, S)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0: Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry

Ocean Acidification Hotspots Map: Online interactive map that shows where the ocean chemistry is changing most rapidly, where vulnerable species are located, and where people who most depend on these species reside. (H, S)

OA Action Plan Toolkit: Published by the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, this toolkit was created to support the development of action plans that support increased ability to understand and respond to the threat of ocean acidification. (H, S)
 

Restoring the Giacomini Wetlands from Agricultural Lands, Point Reyes National Seashore, California: This restoration project used sea level rise modeling to account for future habitat migration and retention of high marsh habitat; it also incorporated a pre- and post-restoration monitoring program for hydrology, topography, sedimentation, water quality, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fisheries, vegetation, and birds. (H) (EV)

Conserving California's Coastal Habitats: The Nature Conservancy in California and the California State Coastal Conservancy (SCC) collaborated to produce the first statewide, comprehensive assessment of vulnerability in California's coastal habitats, which included identification of estuarine marshes and mudflats that have a greater ability to migrate inland based on topography and surrounding land use. (H) (AS)

Planning for Marsh Migration at the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge: This project was intended to support salt marsh migration in Dorcester County, Maryland through actions designed to improve the health and productivity of existing marsh areas, help transitional areas convert into tidal marsh, and conserve primary marsh migration corridors. (H) (IP)

Modeling Sea Level Rise Impacts to Oregon’s Tidal Wetlands: This project modeled and prioritized "Landward Migration Zones" (LMZs) to help plan tidal wetland conservation into the future. (H) (AS)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk (H, I).

Managed Retreat Toolkit: This toolkit, provided by the Georgetown Climate Center, provides information on legal and policy tools, best and emerging practices, and case studies to support learning and decision-making around managed retreat of people and ecosystems. (H, I)
 

Mapping Ocean Wealth: Website that includes resources such as the Atlas of Ocean Wealth, a collection of information about the economic, social, and cultural value of marine and coastal habitats across the globe; site also includes examples and tools specific to topics such as coastal flood protection, blue carbon, fisheries, recreation/tourism, and restoration prioritization. (H, I)
 

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Adapting to Sea Level Rise and Coastal Erosion in Hawaii: Hawaii counties are implementing "rate-based setbacks" for coastal construction, which base the shoreline setback rules on the rate of erosion for each parcel rather than a set 40-foot distance from the highest high tide line. (I) (IP)

An Integrated Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Mexico to Support Coastal Zone Management Legislation: An analysis of climate-related impacts on coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and recommendations to build support for a regional coastal zone program and legislation. (H, I) (AW, AS)
 

Coastal and Waterfront SmartGrowth: Sustainable coastal development information, tools, and case studies for planners, local government officials, developers, residents, and other stakeholders. (H, I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Increasing Coastal Resilience through Restoration and Education in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: The Save the Bay program is restoring salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, and has incorporated climate change into their education and public outreach curriculum in order to raise awareness of climate impacts and increase support for efforts to increase coastal resilience. (H) (IP, SH)

Communication Pathways to Integrate Fishers in the Design of a Network of Fishery Replenishment Zones in the Midriff Islands Region, Gulf of California (Spanish): Organized civil society, academics and decision makers worked together to design fishery replenishment zones to support small-scale fisheries. (H) (AW, PL)
 

Sentinel Monitoring of Salt Marshes in the North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve: This site, along with four other National Estuarine Research Reserves, is acting as a sentinel site, where a long-term ecological monitoring program has been set up to to determine the effects of sea level rise, warmer temperatures, and coastal storms on salt marshes. (H) (AS)

Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts on the Coastal Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico: This pilot project was designed to support adaptation policy development in Mexico by studying coastal wetlands, including biological function and biodiversity, their role in regional water supplies, and the impacts of increased temperatures, droughts, and sea level rise. (H) (AS)

Responding to Ocean Acidification: The Oyster Emergency Project was proposed by the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association with the goal of enhancing hatchery production, establishing monitoring programs in key estuaries, identifying resilient oyster genotypes, and identifying better tools to detect disease-causing bacteria. (S) (AS, PL, IP)

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved modeling sediment deposition and salinity gradients in marshes and tidal creeks. Modeling efforts will be used to guide management actions focused on increasing climate resilience and maximizing benefits to the entire ecosystem. (H) (PL)
 

Restoring the Giacomini Wetlands from Agricultural Lands, Point Reyes National Seashore, California: This restoration project restored tidal wetlands through levee removal, channel construction, and native plantings; it also incorporated a pre- and post-restoration monitoring program for hydrology, topography, sedimentation, water quality, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fisheries, vegetation, and birds. (H) (EV)

Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge/Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula Climate Adaptation Project: The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) partnered to install water control structures equipped with flashboard risers and tide gates to restore the hydrologic regime and prevent saltwater intrusion; post-restoration monitoring efforts are underway to evaluate the placement of these structures. (H) (EV)

Increasing Coastal Resilience through Restoration and Education in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: The Save the Bay program is removing dams in Narragansett Bay to restore natural habitat and wildlife, improve natural sediment fluxes and beach nourishment, and improve water quality (natural water temperatures, dissolved oxygen levels). (H) (IP)

Restoring Tidal Flow and Enhancing Shoreline Resilience in the Nisqually River Delta, Washington: The Nisqually Delta Restoration Project restored 22 miles of the historic delta system through dike removal to restore tidal flow to the marsh. Post-restoration monitoring includes evaluation of sediment delivery, geomorphic change, and species response. (H, S) (IP, EV)

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved assessing over 1,000 dams, road-stream crossings, and coastal stabilization structures to determine where removal, replacement, or retrofitting will increase hydrologic connectivity and increase coastal resilience. (H) (PL)
 

Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Thin-layer Salt Marsh Sediment Augmentation Pilot Project: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is piloting a method involving the application of a thin layer of dredge sediment on the surface of a salt marsh in Orange County, California, with rapid development of vegetation and channels occurring on the site. (H) (IP) Planning for Marsh Migration at the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved restoration of 10,000 acres of salt marsh through the removal of invasive Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium), and European Green Crabs. (H) (IP)
 

EPA Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Non-Point Sources Climate Assessment Tool: BASINS was developed by the EPA to integrate environmental data, analysis tools, and watershed and water quality models to help inform watershed management and total maximum daily load (TMDL). (H) OpenNSPECT (Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool

EPA Climate-Ready Estuaries: Provides a variety of resources and case studies related to estuary, wetland, and coastal management in the face of climate change. (H)

Estrategia para la restauración del ecosistema regional del Golfo de México (Spanish): Strategies for ecosystem restoration for fisheries, habitat and economic resilience. (H)
 

Restoring Logging-Damaged Creeks for Salmon in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia: This partnership includes First Nation, community, youth and Parks Canada, and involves restoration of three streams that were damaged by logging. (H, S) (IP)

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved restoration of 10,000 acres of salt marsh through the removal of invasive Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium), and European Green Crabs. (H) (IP)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0 Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry: Synthesizes available biogeochemical and ecological information on coastal acidification, reviews actions managers have undertaken thus far, and describes opportunities for decision makers to mitigate and/or adapt to ocean acidification at the spatial scales relevant to their authority. (H, S)

Ocean Acidification Hotspots Map: Online interactive map that shows where the ocean chemistry is changing most rapidly, where vulnerable species are located, and where people who most depend on these species reside. (H, S)

OA Action Plan Toolkit: Published by the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, this toolkit was created to support the development of action plans that support increased ability to understand and respond to the threat of ocean acidification. (H, S)

Aramburu Island Ecological Enhancement Project: This project enhances existing beach and tidal wetland habitat on a 17-acre wildlife preserve in the San Francisco Bay region (California), which will use soft engineering approaches (sand and gravel nourishment) to reduce erosion and buffer wave action. (H) (PL)

Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge/Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula Climate Adaptation Project: The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) partnered to construct oyster reefs that will dissipate wave energy, slow currents, and reduce shoreline erosion; post-restoration monitoring efforts are underway to evaluate erosion, water quality, oyster recruitment, and faunal use. (H) (EV)

Oyster Reef Breakwater Restoration Project on Alabama’s Gulf Coast: This project focused on restoring oyster reef habitat in Mobile County, Alabama, with the goal of stabilizing eroding shorelines while also creating jobs and enhancing nursery habitat for oysters and fish. (H, S) (IP)

San Francisco Bay Living Shorelines Project: This pilot project is focused on restoration of subtidal habitats (eelgrass, oyster reefs), followed by evaluation to determine whether restoration benefits adjacent habitats. (H) (AS, PL)

Case Studies of Natural Shoreline Infrastructure in Coastal California: Reviews natural infrastructure approaches to adapt to SLR in California using a series of case studies. (H, I)

Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure - A Database of Case Studies: Includes 15 in-depth case studies from around the world demonstrating the use of green and blue infrastructure for climate change adaptation. The database also includes 18 brief case studies (Appendix 1) and additional sources of case studies (Appendix 2). (H, I)
 

Greening Shorelines to Enhance Resilience Adapting to Sea Level Rise, British Columbia: Advancing coastal protection policies and practices. Evaluates the performance and cost-effectiveness of soft shore armoring measures. (I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Collecting Baseline Biological and Geologic Data to Understand Coastal Change, Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Alaska and Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska: The National Park Service Arctic Network Inventory and Monitoring Program already monitors climate data, and is developing long-term monitoring protocols for coastal erosion and lagoon biology that will contribute to an understanding of coastal resource vulnerabilities and support management decisions. (H, S, I, C) (AS, PL)

Monitoring Lake Ice and Snow in Alaska: The Alaska Lake Ice and Snow Observatory Network (ALISON) Project facilitates research on snow and ice depth, density, cover, and thickness; this information is then incorporated into a larger data set to establish a baseline to measure the effects of climate change. (H) (AS)
 

Reducing Vulnerability of Coastal Visitor Facilities, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts: Following a winter storm that damaged visitor facilities and the parking lot at a popular beach, the National Park Service designed moveable replacement structures that were on pilings above base flood elevation. The parking lot will also be rebuilt on higher-elevation land, at a distance that takes future sea level rise and coastal erosion into account. (I) (IP, EV)

Relocating Visitor Facilities Threatened by Erosion, Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia: The National Park Service replaced permanent visitor facilities with portable infrastructure that can be relocated off-island in advance of storms. Roads and parking lots are also created from natural materials that can be moved and will not introduce foreign debris onto post-storm beaches. (I) (PL, EV)

Rehabilitating Stream Crossings on Historic Roads in Acadia National Park, Maine: The National Park Service conducted an inventory of all culverts, headwalls, and bridges, then re-engineered these structures based on projected streamflow changes in order to reduce damage and visitor use closures and restore aquatic animal passage and natural stream hydrology. (I) (IP) Tampa Bay Diversifies Water Sources to Reduce Climate Risk

Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure - A Database of Case Studies: Includes 15 in-depth case studies from around the world demonstrating the use of green and blue infrastructure for climate change adaptation. The database also includes 18 brief case studies (Appendix 1) and additional sources of case studies (Appendix 2). (H, I)
 

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk (H, I). Flood Resilience - A Basic Guide for Water and Wastewater Utilities

Enhancing Sustainable Communities With Green Infrastructure: An EPA guide published to help communities manage stormwater with green infrastructure. (I)

A Guide to Assessing Green Infrastructure Costs and Benefits for Flood Reduction: Guide that lays out a six-step watershed-based approach for documenting the costs of flooding, projecting increased flooding and associated costs under future land use and climate conditions, and calculating the long-term benefits and costs of a green infrastructure approach. (I)
 

Restoration and Managed Retreat of Pacifica State Beach, California: In response to major flooding and erosion, the City of Pacifica designed and implemented a managed retreat strategy for Pacifica State Beach, which involved relocating vulnerable infrastructure as well as restoration of beaches and dunes to reduce future flooding threats. (H, I) (SH)

Managed Retreat at Surfer's Point, California: This project focused on implementing a managed retreat strategy in the City of Ventury, California, which included relocation of a bike path and parking lot, beach renourishment, habitat restoration, and riprap removal in order to allow eroding shorelines to migrate inland. (H, I) (IP)

Relocating the Village of Newtok, Alaska: This native Alaskan village is in the process of relocating their entire population to a new site due to declining sea ice protection and increased storm surge exposure. (I, C) (IP)

Relocating the Village of Kivalina, Alaska: This village in the process of searching for an appropriate relocation site; in the meantime, they are taking measures to prevent erosion at their current location. (I, C) (PL) Coastal Ecosystem Restoration in Forillon National Park, Quebec
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)

Managed Retreat Toolkit: This toolkit, provided by the Georgetown Climate Center, provides information on legal and policy tools, best and emerging practices, and case studies to support learning and decision-making around managed retreat of people and ecosystems. (H, I)

Managed Coastal Retreat - A Legal Handbook on Shifting Development Away from Vulnerable Areas: This Handbook collects examples, case studies, and lessons learned from communities around the United States that are already addressing sea level rise through managed retreat; the key legal issues raised by these examples are also discussed. (I)
 

Enhancing Flood Resilience with the Greater New Orleans Urban Water Plan: This plan outlines a 50-year program of water system upgrades and urban design projects to reduce flood risk and improve stormwater, surface water, and groundwater management in New Orleans, Louisiana. (I) (PL)
 

Storm Water Management Model (SWMM): The EPA's stormwater management tool helps predict runoff quality and quantity, and a new Climate Adjustment Tool also enables users to add climate projections to their simulations. (I)
 

A Guide to Assessing Green Infrastructure Costs and Benefits for Flood Reduction: Guide that lays out a six-step watershed-based approach for documenting the costs of flooding, projecting increased flooding and associated costs under future land use and climate conditions, and calculating the long-term benefits and costs of a green infrastructure approach. (I)

Climate Change Adaptation through Local Comprehensive Planning – Guidance for Puget Sound Communities: This resource provides a framework for incorporating climate change into comprehensive planning efforts, and includes questions to consider for critical elements such as infrastructure, housing, and land use. (I)

Canadian Extreme Water Level Adaptation Tool (CAN-EWLAT): A science-based planning tool for climate change adaptation of coastal infrastructure related to future water-level extremes and changes in wave climate. The tool includes two main components

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Malibu Land Use and Local Implementation Plans: Malibu, California has incorporated climate change impacts (e.g., sea level rise, coastal storms) into development and land-use planning ordinances, including development setbacks, rules for shoreline armoring/hardening, and applications for new development. (I) (IP)

An Integrated Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Mexico to Support Coastal Zone Management Legislation: An analysis of climate-related impacts on coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and recommendations to build support for a regional coastal zone program and legislation. (P) (AW, AS)

Legal and Policy Options for Advancing Coastal Resilience in Southern Connecticut: The Regional Framework for Coastal Resilience in Southern Connecticut is focused on reducing risks associated with extreme weather events and building community resilience in 10 contiguous coastal municipalities; it includes guidance on legal and policy options to advance the use of natural/green infrastructure through land-use planning and zoning, among other topics. (I, P) (AS)
 

Coastal and Waterfront SmartGrowth: Sustainable coastal development information, tools, and case studies for planners, local government officials, developers, residents, and other stakeholders. (H, I) The Cultural Resources Climate Change Strategy

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adapation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Designing a Communications Handout About Sea Level Rise: The NOAA Office for Coastal Management, the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, and the City of Charleston incorporated input from a climate change vulnerability focal group to create a simple handout that can help city residents better understand how sea level rise will interact with existing problems with tidal flooding. (I)
 

Adapting to Sea Level Rise and Coastal Erosion in Hawaii: Hawaii counties are implementing "rate-based setbacks" for coastal construction, which base the shoreline setback rules on the rate of erosion for each parcel rather than a set 40-foot distance from the highest high tide line. (I) (IP)

Malibu Land Use and Local Implementation Plans: Malibu, California 1) requires new coastal development to be set back as far as possible and elevated above the base Flood Elevation; 2) prohibits new shoreline armoring/hardening for new development; and 3) requires an impact report and analysis for all new development that addresses future SLR among other factors. (I) (IP)

The Need for Storm Recovery Plans, Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina: Following the impacts of Hurricane Irene in August 2011, the National Park Service identified a need for post-storm recovery plans and policies regarding storm damage and rebuilding in high risk areas in order to avoid reactionary decision making and manage public expectations about access. (I) (AW, PL)

Quantifying the Success of Buyout Programs in Staten Island, New York: The project evaluated the change in vulnerability of people and property to coastal flood hazards following Superstorm Sandy (including exposure and social vulnerability) by analyzing exposure and social vulnerability of buyout participants; the report also makes recommendations for how to increase program efficacy. (I) (SH)
 

A Guide to Assessing Green Infrastructure Costs and Benefits for Flood Reduction: Guide that lays out a six-step watershed-based approach for documenting the costs of flooding, projecting increased flooding and associated costs under future land use and climate conditions, and calculating the long-term benefits and costs of a green infrastructure approach. (I)

Canadian Extreme Water Level Adaptation Tool (CAN-EWLAT): A science-based planning tool for climate change adaptation of coastal infrastructure related to future water-level extremes and changes in wave climate. The tool includes two main components

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Preserving Wetlands to Increase Climate Resilience in New Orleans, Louisiana: This project focused on conservation and restoration of wetlands using a combination of methods (e.g., dredged material, water control structures, levees) in order to provide a buffer zone between the Gulf of Mexico and the city following Hurricane Katrina. (I, H) (IP)

Oyster Reef Breakwater Restoration Project on Alabama’s Gulf Coast: This project focused on restoring oyster reef habitat in Mobile County, Alabama, with the goal of stabilizing eroding shorelines while also creating jobs and enhancing nursery habitat for oysters and fish. (H, S) (IP)

San Francisco Bay Living Shorelines Project: This pilot project is focused on restoration of subtidal habitats (eelgrass, oyster reefs), followed by evaluation to determine whether restoration benefits adjacent habitats. (H) (AS, PL)

South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project: Restoration of tidal wetlands in San Francisco, California to provide a natural buffer against the effects of sea level rise, coastal flooding, and erosion, while also maintaining and/or improving water quality, wildlife habitat, and recreation/public access. (H, S) (IP, IT, EV)

Case Studies of Natural Shoreline Infrastructure in Coastal California: Reviews natural infrastructure approaches to adapt to SLR in California using a series of case studies. (H, I)

Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure - A Database of Case Studies: Includes 15 in-depth case studies from around the world demonstrating the use of green and blue infrastructure for climate change adaptation. The database also includes 18 brief case studies (Appendix 1) and additional sources of case studies (Appendix 2). (H, I)
 

Greening Shorelines to Enhance Resilience Adapting to Sea Level Rise, British Columbia: Advancing coastal protection policies and practices. Evaluates the performance and cost-effectiveness of soft shore armoring measures. (H, I)

Sea Level Rise Viewer: Web-based mapping tool that enables visualization of sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)
 

Deep-water Kelp Refugia as Potential Hotspots of Tropical Marine Diversity and Productivity, Ecuador: Using an oceanographic and ecophysiological model, deep-water tropical kelp populations were discovered off the Galapagos Islands and may serve as deep-water kelp refugia. (S) (AS)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0: Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry

OA Action Plan Toolkit: Published by the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, this toolkit was created to support the development of action plans that support increased ability to understand and respond to the threat of ocean acidification. (H, S)
 

EPA Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Non-Point Sources Climate Assessment Tool: BASINS was developed by the EPA to integrate environmental data, analysis tools, and watershed and water quality models to help inform watershed management and total maximum daily load (TMDL). (H) OpenNSPECT (Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool
 

Applying Green Infrastructure to Stem Runoff and Safeguard Puerto Rico’s Corals: The community, watershed managers, government agencies and nonprofit organizations green infrastructure practices to absorb excess water and reduce overall sediment loads overall sediment loads in Playa Tamarindo's nearshore habitats, including mangrove forests. (H) (IP)
 

Sonoma-Marin Coastal Regional Sediment Management Report, California: Provides county sediment management opportunities, which will inform a statewide Sediment Management Master Plan. (H)
 

Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM): Advanced modeling tool that simulates changes in physical processes of tidal wetlands and beaches (e.g., inundation, erosion, accretion, salinity) in the U.S. in response to projected sea level rise and storm surge; also includes Dynamic Marsh Management Tool that helps managers evaluate the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies as well as Roads and Infrastructure Simulations that assist with the identification of flooding risk. (H, I)

Managed Retreat Toolkit: This toolkit, provided by the Georgetown Climate Center, provides information on legal and policy tools, best and emerging practices, and case studies to support learning and decision-making around managed retreat of people and ecosystems. (H, I)
 

Coastal Risk and Resilience in Mexico: The Nature Conservancy is collaborating with the private sector, governments and communities in Mexico Caribbean to increase investment and local capacity for mangrove restoration, which is driven by a demonstration of how these ecosystems protect the coast as well as creation of the tools, know-how and local capacities to restore and conserve them. (H) (AW, PL) Restoration of Mangrove Ecosystems in Ciénaga de la Virgen, Columbia. The EbA program in Colombia is working with the Mayor's office, the Botanical Gardens, local NGOs and communities in the implementation of pilot projects for the restoration of mangroves in particularly vulnerable areas of the coastal lake of Ciénaga de la Virgen. (H) (PL,IP)
 

Marine Ecosystem Services Partnership (MESP): This website provides a database of valuation studies, methodologies, webinars and other training resources, and links to case studies related to ecosystem services provided by marine and coastal ecosystems. (H)

Mapping Ocean Wealth: Website that includes resources such as the Atlas of Ocean Wealth, a collection of information about the economic, social, and cultural value of marine and coastal habitats across the globe; site also includes examples and tools specific to topics such as coastal flood protection, blue carbon, fisheries, recreation/tourism, and restoration prioritization. (H, I)
 

Sea Level Rise Viewer: This web-based mapping tool by NOAA allows users to visualize sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)
 

An Integrated Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Mexico to Support Coastal Zone Management Legislation: An analysis of climate-related impacts on coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and recommendations to build support for a regional coastal zone program and legislation. (H, I) (AW, AS)
 

Sea Level Rise Viewer: This web-based mapping tool by NOAA allows users to visualize sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)
 

Restoration of Mangroves and Hydrological Flows, Mexico: The restoration of hydrologic connectivity was used to restore mangrove forests as part of a strategy to adapt to numerous climate impacts, including reduced rainfall (H, I, C) (AS, PL, IP)

Community-Based Ecological-Hydrological Mangrove Restoration, Thailand: The mangrove action plan works with the community and historic data to restore natural hydrology, which encourages natural recolonization and restoration of mangroves. While the goal of this project is not to mitigate temperature increases, the reestablishment of both historic hydrological flow and mangrove canopy may have that effect. (H, S, C ) (AW, PL, IP)
 

Manual on Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation: Expertise and support for community-based mangrove rehabilitation; focused on the Philippines but applicable to other locations. (H)
 

Responding to Climate Change Through Sustainable Responsible Fishing and Mangrove Rehabilitation: CONANP Mexico created a a community-driven participatory management strategy for the central part of the La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve, which includes some of the best preserved mangrove forests on the American Pacific. Fishing communities were directly involved in the rehabilitation and maintenance of mangrove ecosystems and hydrological flows, which contribute to the improvement of local fisheries and strengthens community self-organization. (H,S) (AW, IP).
 

Manual on Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation: Expertise and support for community-based mangrove rehabilitation; focused on the Philippines but applicable to other locations. (H)
 

EPA Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Non-Point Sources Climate Assessment Tool: BASINS was developed by the EPA to integrate environmental data, analysis tools, and watershed and water quality models to help inform watershed management and total maximum daily load (TMDL). (H) OpenNSPECT (Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool
 

Long-Term Assessment of an Innovative Mangrove Rehabilitation Project on Carey Island, Malaysia: This assessment describes a submerged detached breakwater system constructed to dampen wave energy and trap sediment near endangered mangroves, resulting in increased greater (YOU ONLY NEED ONE OF THESE WORDS) sediment accretion and improvements in nutrient concentration, pH value, and salinity that will make the site more suitable for seedlings. (H) (IP, EV)

Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure - A Database of Case Studies: Includes 15 in-depth case studies from around the world demonstrating the use of green and blue infrastructure for climate change adaptation. The database also includes 18 brief case studies (Appendix 1) and additional sources of case studies (Appendix 2). (H, I)
 

Sea Level Rise Viewer: This web-based mapping tool by NOAA allows users to visualize sea level rise, storm surge, and flooding along the U.S. coast under several future climate scenarios; information is also available on likely marsh migration, social and economic data, and uncertainty associated with climate change projections. (H, I)
 

Fostering Fisheries Management Efficiency Through Collaboration Networks: The Kanan Kay Alliance in the Mexican Caribbean is a voluntary, multi-stakeholder collaborative network that established a work plan focused on the establishment of fish refuges (no-take zones), enhancing a shared vision and communication around the efficient use of limited resources. (S) (AW, PL)

Incorporating Climate Change in Marine Use Plans for British Columbia’s First Nations: A partnership between the government of British Columbia and First Nations to integrate climate change into marine use plans for the North Pacific Coast. (H, C) (AW, PL)
 

Bering Sea Climate Change Study: Researchers are created downscaled climate models to estimate future abundance of commercially and ecologically important fish stocks in the Bering Sea, with the goal of facilitating climate-informed fisheries management in the region. (S) (AS)

Increasing Resilience Through NOAA Fisheries’ Regional Action Plans: NOAA Fisheries collaborated with stakeholders, fishery management councils and organizations, and tribes to create Regional Action Plans that provide guidance and tools to manage climate impacts on fish stocks, fishing-dependent communities, and protected species. (S) (PL)

Using a Precautionary Approach to Manage North Pacific Fisheries Under Uncertainty: The North Pacific Fishery Management Council adopted a precautionary approach for fisheries within the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, and the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas by prohibiting all commercial fishing activities within the Exclusive Economic Zone of Alaska until better science becomes available. (S) (AS)

Effect of Climate Change on Highly Migratory Tunas and Billfishes in the Gulf of Mexico: This collaborative project models climate change effects on fish population dynamics and spawning habitat, with the goal of enhancing management plans for these important fishery species. (S) (AS)

Northeast Fisheries Climate Vulnerability Assessment: This project applied the NOAA Fisheries Fish Species Climate Vulnerability Assessment Methodology to evaluate the vulnerability of 82 fish and invertebrate species to projected climate changes. (S) (AS)
 

The State of Climate Adaptation in U.S. Marine Fisheries Management: Highlights a variety of case studies, including pelagic examples. (H,S)

OceanAdapt webtool: Collates data on shifts in marine species distributions over time (focus on commercial and recreational species). (S)
 

Pacific Ocean Acidification Working Group, Canada: Identifying practical ways of addressing gaps in monitoring and research, and building capacity and collaboration. (H,S,O)
 

Preparing to Respond to Oil Spills in the Arctic: The U.S. Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conduct month-long scientific expeditions yearly to demonstrate and evaluate tools, technologies, and techniques for dealing with Arctic oil spills. The Arctic Shield expeditions also conduct simulated oil spills to give crews practice in cleanup procedures. (H) (IT)

Evidence That Marine Reserves Enhance Resilience to Climatic Impacts in Baja Mexico: Marine reserves increased the resilience of marine populations to a mass mortality event caused by climate-driven hypoxia. (H) (EV)
 

Ocean Acidification 2.0 Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry: Synthesizes available biogeochemical and ecological information on coastal acidification, reviews actions managers have undertaken thus far, and describes opportunities for decision makers to mitigate and/or adapt to ocean acidification at the spatial scales relevant to their authority. (H,S)

Ocean Acidification Hotspots Map: Online interactive map that shows where the ocean chemistry is changing most rapidly, where vulnerable species are located, and where people who most depend on these species reside. (H, S)

Gulf of Mexico Regional Sediment Management Master Plan: The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (a partnership between Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) developed this plan to organize and facilitate sediment management policies, with the goal of restoring regional sedimentary processes. (H, P) (PL)
 

Increasing Coastal Resilience through Restoration and Education in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: The Save the Bay program is restoring eelgrass beds in Narragansett Bay to provide food and shelter for native flora and fauna. (H) (IP)

Identifying Potential Marine Climate Change Refugia in Canada’s Pacific Marine Ecosystems: This research project areas in the northeastern Pacific where sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and chlorophyll a are stable or changing slowly, which may indicate potential climate refugia. (H) (AS)
 

Incorporating Climate Change in Marine Use Plans for British Columbia’s First Nations: A partnership between the government of British Columbia and First Nations to integrate climate change into marine use plans for the North Pacific Coast. (H, C) (AW, PL).
 

Risk Reduction and Resiliency Enhancement for the Great Marsh, Massachusetts: Part of the Great Marsh Resiliency Planning Project involved reestablishment of 3 acres of eelgrass in Essex Bay, which involved transplantation to build a diverse population that will be resistant to future stressors. (H) (IP)
 

EPA Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Non-Point Sources Climate Assessment Tool: BASINS was developed by the EPA to integrate environmental data, analysis tools, and watershed and water quality models to help inform watershed management and total maximum daily load (TMDL). (H) OpenNSPECT (Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool

National Marine Fisheries Service California Eelgrass Mitigation Policy: Compensatory mitigation recommended for the loss of existing eelgrass habitat function, but only after avoidance and minimization of effects to eelgrass have been pursued. The policy includes guidance and suggested actions to reduce the impact of multiple stressors, including turbidity, run-off, and nutrient loading. (H)
 

Gulf of Mexico Regional Sediment Management Master Plan: The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (a partnership between Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) developed this plan to organize and facilitate sediment management policies, with the goal of restoring regional sedimentary processes. (H, P) (PL)
 

OpenNSPECT (Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool: Broadly applicable tool used to investigate potential water quality impacts from development, other land uses, and climate change. This tool simulates erosion, pollution, and their accumulation from overland flow. (H)

National Marine Fisheries Service California Eelgrass Mitigation Policy: Compensatory mitigation recommended for the loss of existing eelgrass habitat function, but only after avoidance and minimization of effects to eelgrass have been pursued. The policy includes guidance and suggested actions to reduce the impact of multiple stressors, including turbidity, run-off, and nutrient loading. (H)