How to Set Up Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting for Your City’s Climate Action Plan

C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, C40 Knowledge Hub
Posted on: 5/23/2025 - Updated on: 5/26/2025

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CAKE Team

Abstract

An effective monitoring, evaluation and reporting (MER) system is vital to understanding and communicating the progress of actions set out in your city’s climate action plan (CAP), as well as to maximising the success of its implementation. It fosters learning, enabling informed adjustments over time and boosting internal and external accountability and transparency. It also helps to make the case and build support for CAP actions and can help cities access further funding for them.

Actual monitoring begins with CAP implementation, but the MER system should ideally be developed or adjusted as part of the climate action planning process. This system encompasses the capabilities, structures and processes that facilitate MER. It should be integrated into the CAP and current monitoring systems. While there is no one-size-fits-all MER solution, this article provides advice on defining the scope, governance, indicators, evaluation process and reporting strategy.

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C40

C40 is a global network of nearly 100 mayors of the world’s leading cities that are united in action to confront the climate crisis. Mayors of C40 cities are committed to using an inclusive, science-based and collaborative approach to cut their fair share of emissions in half by 2030, help the world limit global heating to 1.5°C, and build healthy, equitable and resilient communities. C40 supports mayors to do this by:

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